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Consolidation is the process of removing entrapped air
from freshly placed concrete. Several methods and techniques are available,
the choice depending on the workability of the mixture, placing conditions,
and degree of air removal desired. Some form of vibration is usually
employed.
This guide includes information on the mechanism of
consolidation and gives recommendations on equipment, characteristics, and
procedures for various classes of construction. 35 pp.
309R-05: Guide for Consolidation of Concrete - Table of Contents:
General, p. 309R-2
Effect of mixture proportions on consolidation, p. 309R-3
Mixture proportions
Workability and consistency
Workability requirements
Methods of consolidation, p. 309R-4
Manual methods
Mechanical methods
Methods used in combination
Consolidation of concrete by vibration, p. 309R-5
Vibratory motion
Process of consolidation
Equipment for vibration, p. 309R-6
Internal vibrators
Form vibrators
Vibrating tables
Surface vibrators
Vibrator maintenance
Forms, p. 309R-13
General
Sloping surfaces
Surface blemishes
Form tightness
Forms for external vibration
Recommended vibration practices for general construction, p. 309R-15
General
Procedure for internal vibration
Adequacy of internal vibration
Vibration of reinforcement
Revibration
Form vibration
Consequences of improper vibration
Structural concrete, p. 309R-19
Design and detailing prerequisites
Mixture requirements
Internal vibration
Form vibration
Tunnel linings
Mass concrete, p. 309R-20
Mixture requirements
Vibration equipment
Forms
Vibration practices
Roller-compacted concrete
Normal-density concrete floor slabs, p. 309R-22
Mixture requirements
Equipment
Structural slabs
Slabs on ground
Heavy-duty industrial floors
Vacuum dewatering
Pavements, p. 309R-24
General
Mixture requirements
Equipment
Vibration procedures
Special precautions
Precast products, p. 309R-27
General
Mixture requirements
Forming material
Choice of consolidation method
Placing methods
Structural low-density concrete, p. 309R-28
General
Mixture requirements
Behavior of structural low-density concrete during vibration
Consolidation equipment and procedures
Floors
High-density concrete, p. 309R-29
General
Mixture requirements
Placing techniques
Self-consolidating concrete, p. 309R-29
General
Quality control and quality assurance, p. 309R-29
General
Adequacy equipment and procedures
Checking equipment performance
Consolidation of test specimens, p. 309R-31
Strength
Density
Air content
Consolidating very stiff concrete in laboratory specimens
ACI 309R-05: Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
