This guide describes specific types of concrete deterioration. Each chapter contains a discussion of the mechanisms involved and the recommended requirements for individual components of concrete, quality considerations for concrete mixtures, construction procedures, and influences of the exposure environment, which are all important considerations to ensure concrete durability.

This guide was developed for conventional concrete but is generally applicable to specialty concretes; however, specialty concretes, such as roller-compacted or pervious concrete, may have unique durability-related issues that deserve further attention that are not addressed herein. Readers should consult other ACI documents for more detailed information on special concretes of interest.

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1-Introduction and scope, p. 201.2R-2
Chapter 2-Notation and definitions, p. 201.2R-3
• 2.1-Notation and definitions
Chapter 3-Fresh concrete, p. 201.2R-3
• 3.1-Introduction
• 3.2-Pore structure
• 3.3-Mixing effects
• 3.4-Placement and consolidation
• 3.5-Bleeding
• 3.6-Cracking of fresh concrete
• 3.7-Summary
Chapter 4-Freezing and thawing of concrete, p. 201.2R-5
• 4.1-Introduction
• 4.2-Frost attack of concrete made with durable aggregates
• 4.3-Frost attack of concrete made with nondurable aggregates
Chapter 5-Alkali-aggregate reaction, p. 201.2R-13
• 5.1-Introduction
• 5.2-Types of reactions
• 5.3-Evaluating aggregates for potential alkali-aggregate reactivity
• 5.4-Preventive measures
Chapter 6-Chemical attack, p. 201.2R-22
• 6.1-Introduction
• 6.2-Chemical sulfate attack by sulfate from sources external to concrete
• 6.3-Physical salt attack
• 6.4-Seawater exposure
• 6.5-Acid attack
• 6.6-Carbonation
Chapter 7-Corrosion of metals and other materials embedded in concrete, p. 201.2R-28
• 7.1-Introduction
• 7.2- General principles of corrosion initiation in concrete
• 7.3-Propagation of corrosion
• 7.4-Corrosion-related properties of concreting materials
• 7.5-Preventing corrosion
• 7.6-Corrosion of materials other than steel
• 7.7-Summary
Chapter 8-Abrasion, p. 201.2R-33
• 8.1-Introduction
• 8.2-Testing concrete for resistance to abrasion
• 8.3-Factors affecting abrasion resistance of concrete
• 8.4-Recommendations for obtaining abrasion-resistant concrete surfaces
• 8.5-Studded tire and tire chain wear on concrete
• 8.6-Skid resistance of pavements
Chapter 9-References, p. 201.2R-36
• 9.1-Referenced standards and reports
• 9.2-Cited references
Appendix A-Method for preparing extract for analysis of water-soluble sulfate in soil, p. 201.2R-49